The DCM has emerged across three layers
Built on an open and permissionless infrastructure stack, digital carbon assets are inherently transparent, and plug in to applications that can leverage novel incentive mechanisms and governance.
Applications
Marketplaces
On-chain carbon credit marketplaces that connect project developers, 
buyers and sellers directly
On-chain retirement
Tooling for individuals and 
organizations to calculate 
and offset carbon emissions
Project financing
Fundraising mechanisms for
pre-certified projects, including the creation of a liquid secondary market for forward credits
Assets​
Tokenized carbon credits
Fungible tokens that represent
1 tCO2e of an underlying carbon project, often bundled into "pools” that share similar attributes
Crypto-native credits
Credits minted natively on the blockchain, accompanied by methodologies and MRV services 
with decentralized governance
Carbon NFTs
Non-fungible (ERC-721) tokens used to attribute ownership and for fundraising, philanthropy, or educational purposes
Infrastructure
Layer 1 / 2 blockchains
Sustainability-focused blockchain networks with energy efficient consensus mechanisms and vibrant, growing ecosystems
Carbon bridges
Bridges that connect with legacy carbon registries to bring carbon assets on-chain (tokenize > fractionalize > pooling)
Market data
Collection and presentation of carbon credit trading and retirements data in order to promote transparency for all ecosystem participants
Exchanges
(De)centralized exchanges offering carbon pool tokens with real-time pricing, deep liquidity, and 24/7 accessibility
Nori
Thallo
Senken
KlimaDAO
GreenTrade
Regen Network
Toucan
C3
Moss
Ivy
Solid World DAO
Flow
Coorest
Tiny Troubles
Aerth
NFTrees
Allied Offsets
Sushi
Coinbase
Quickswap
Ecosystem Marketplace
ZeroLabs
Polygon
Celo
Near
Cosmos
Bitgreen